M-I-X II plugging agent bridges and seals permeable formations in water-, oil-, or synthetic-basedd mud systems. Bridging and sealing permeable formations reduces the differential-pressure sticking tendencies that can cause high torque and drag or stuck pipe. The product is particularly useful for preventing differentially stuck pipe when drilling depleted zones where high differential pressures exist. For added flexibility, M-I-X II plugging agent is available in fine (original), medium, and coarse grades so that the optimal particle size can be selected to bridge the pores and pore throats of permeable formations. M-I-X II plugging agent additions have minimal effect on mud properties.

Applications

M-I-X II plugging agent is a superior bridging agent, field-proven to be highly effective when drilling high-permeability, high-porosity zones with high differential pressures. Each grind size has a specially selected particle size distribution optimized to seal a wide range of formations.

M-I-X II plugging agent is designed to bridge and seal permeable formations, reducing the possibility of stuck pipe, controlling lost circulation and providing filtration control. It is compatible with water-, oil-, and synthetic-basedd mud systems.

The recommended treatment is 5 to 10 lbm/bbl [14 to 29 kg/m³] to reduce differential sticking tendencies. After initial treatment, periodic treatments should be used to maintain the desired concentration. Significant quantities of the medium and coarse grades will be removed by fine-mesh shale shaker screens (100 mesh or finer).

Fine-grade M-I-X II plugging agent is recommended for most applications due to its special particle size distribution. Very high-permeability formations, such as fractured carbonates and conglomerate zones, can require the medium or coarse products.

For seepage losses, normal treatments are from 10 to 20 lbm/bbl [29 to 57 kg/m3]. Concentrations in the 20 to 35 lbm/bbl [57 to 100 kg/m³] range are recommended for more severe lost circulation. Pilot testing is recommended before adding high concentrations because the material absorbs a small quantity of liquid when added to the mud system.

M-I-X II plugging agent should be added to the mud system through a mixing hopper into a pit with good agitation, such as the suction pit. It is a one- sack product and does not require any additional additives. It is most effective when maintained at the desired concentration throughout the circulating system. However, treatment methods such as frequent periodic additions, sweeps, batch- or slug-treatments and pills have all been used successfully.

M-I-X II plugging agent is compatible with all mud systems and can be used in combination with other lost-circulation materials.

M-I-X II plugging agent residue can be partially removed using standard treatments such as hydrochloric acid or alkaline hypochlorite solutions. M-I-X II plugging agent is more than 55% acid soluble in 15% HCl at 212 degF [100 degC].

Advantages

• Effective bridging and sealing agent for a wide range of formations
• Offers unique particle sizes smaller than conventional lost-circulation materials yet larger than the solids found in most mud systems
• Available in fine [original], medium and coarse grades, allowing the most appropriate particle sizes to be used
• Inert material with minimum effect on mud properties
• One-sack product with no other additive requirements
• Compatible with all mud systems and other lost-circulation materials
• Easily mixed and dispersed into the mud system
• Easily passes through most shaker screens

Limitations

• Can be removed from the circulating system by shale shakers and solids-control equipment, especially when using the medium and coarse grades with fine-mesh screens (<100 mesh), which requires close monitoring of shale shakers  
• Biodegradable and can be subject to bacterial degradation. If fermentation is indicated, a biocide should be used at the recommended maximum treatment level
• Absorbs a small quantity of liquid when added to a mud system and can elevate flow properties when used at very high concentrations
• Treatments with additional wetting agent may be required in low stability or lightly treated oil-based muds because of the high surface area of this slightly absorbing material

Toxicity and handling

Bioassay information is available upon request. Handle as an industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the precautions described in the safety data sheet. Dust can form an explosive mixture in the air. Keep away from open flames or other sources of ignition.

Packaging and storage

MIX II plugging agent is packaged in 25-lbm [11.4-kg] multiwall paper sacks. Store in a dry, well-ventilated area. Keep container closed. Store away from incompatibles. Follow safe warehousing practices regarding palletizing, banding, shrink-wrapping, and stacking.