Applications

Nut-based LCMs are effective, possessing high compressive strength. They are available from two sources: pecan and walnut, with walnut huslls being the stronger of the two. Treatment levels depend on the severity of the losses and type of formation where the losses occur. Typical preventative treatment levels are 6 to 14 kg/m3 [2 to 5 lb/bbl] for moderate losses and 14 to 71 kg/m3 [5 to 25 lb/bbl] for more severe losses. It may be used to treat the entire system or added as a high-concentration pill. Nut-based LCMs have a granular shape, and can be used in a blend of various sizes (fine, medium, and coarse) to prevent lost circulation or regain returns once losses begin. They also may be mixed with particulates of other shapes and sizes to provide a wide variation in particle properties for optimum control.

Nut-based LCMs can be added to other special slurries, such as high-fluid-loss squeezes, to assist in forming string bridging plugs.

They also can be used to reduce the coefficient of friction (CoF).