已发表: 03/26/2014
已发表: 03/26/2014
This well was the second well drilled in the two-well HPHT campaign in 2012. The well was spudded on May 7th, 2012 and plugged back on November 5th, 2012. For the HPHT section, there was no data available from any of the surrounding wells that could assist in modeling the pore pressure and fracture gradient as inputs for well design. MPD was proposed in order to map the pore pressure and fracture gradient to identify the safest operating window during the drilling phase.
Three dynamic FITs were performed for TTD-1. In one example, the dynamic FIT was executed with 17.5 ppg mud flowing at 380 gpm while increasing surface backpressure to 500 psi to reach an estimated mud weight of 19.1 ppg. The flowout reading confirmed a four barrel loss during the dynamic FIT. After the dynamic FIT confirmed an expanded upper limit, it was decided to increase the mud weight to 17.8 ppg as drilling continued down the 8 1/2-in section to the target depth of 4,830 m-MDDF as the maximum safe drilling window.
The lower limit (pore pressure) was mapped out by using a DFC process with MPD in conjunction with other pore pressure prediction methods. Constant BHP was maintained during the drilling process by applying a backpressure of up to 800 psi during connections in order to compensate for the annular friction losses while circulating and drilling. This minimized the risk of wellbore breathing as well as the risk of taking a high intensity kick when the pumps were switched off. When there was a need to flow check the well, the backpressure was reduced gradually in stages of 100-200 psi. If the well started to flow, the backpressure was immediately increased to minimize the influx volume, while ramping down the rig pumps prior to shutting in the BOP. A total of 56 DFCs were necessary in order to reach well TD without uncontrolled influx incidents.
Wellbore breathing and formation supercharging, if wrongly interpreted, could easily be identified as a kick and handled incorrectly. The primary strategy to minimize wellbore breathing was to maintain a required BHP with MPD. It was more challenging because of the DFCs required to fingerprint the pore pressure. When DFCs were performed, the BHP was reduced by the amount of backpressure applied at the surface. As a compromise, it was decided to limit the amount of backpressure reduction if there was any sign of ballooning, i.e., if the backpressure was reduced to a preset amount but not all the way to zero.
Challenge: Explore deeper hydrocarbons in sands under HPHT conditions with minimal petrophysical information despite uncertainties due to high pressure ramps and weak sands.
Solution:
Results: Drilled deeper than planned, delivered the deepest HPHT well in Malaysia to date, and penetrated huge gas-bearing discoveries.
